ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study of Paraoxonase and Cholinestrase Enzymes Activities in Diagnosis of Organophosphorus Insecticide Intoxication
Many efforts have been made to evaluate organophosphorus (OP) toxicity by sensitive biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate cholinesterase and paraoxonase (PON1) enzymes activities as diagnostic tools in acute & chronic organophosphorus toxicity with poisoning severity assessment.The present study was conducted on 90 adult men after taking their informed consent, they were divided into three groups; group (I) included thirty patients who were acutely exposed to organophosphorus insecticides (OPI). Group (II) included thirty farm workers chronically exposed to OP. Group (III) included thirty healthy matched volunteers served as control group. The severity of symptoms and signs of acute OP poisoning was graded into mild, moderate and severe grade. Long term pesticide exposure intensity was estimated depending on mixing, application methods, repair activities and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Exposure intensity score = (Mix + Apply + Repair) х PPE. Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and paraoxonase (PON1) enzymes activities were determined. The result of the current study revealed significant decrease in BuChE, AChE and PON1 in groups I and II when compared to group III. Moreover, BuChE and AChE enzymes were significantly decreased in group I when compared to group II. Significant positive correlation was detected between AChE enzyme activity and both BuChE and PON1 enzymes activities in group I. However, group IIshowed significant positive correlations between BuChE enzyme activity and the activity of each of AChE and PON1. Moreover, there was significant decrease in AChE enzyme activity in severe cases compared to mild and moderate cases in group I. Nevertheless, group II registered significant decrease in BuChE, AChE and PON-1 when Pesticide Exposure Intensity Score is more than 10.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19162_8c225c7d8bf0dd6421be683f68457585.pdf
2013-07-01
1
11
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19162
Mona
Elgohary
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nahla
El Ashmawy
2
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Rabab
El Kelany
3
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Arwa
Abo Elfadl
4
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ghada
El-Sarnagawy
5
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sex Determination using Finger Length, Fingers Ratio, and Foot Dimensions in Fayoum Governorate
The determination of sex is statically the most important criterion in identification of identity as it excludes approximately half the population at risk. Sex assessment is one of the first essential steps in human identification, in both medico-legal cases and bio-archaeological contexts. Fragmentary human remains compromised by different types of inhumation or physical insults may frustrate the use of the traditional sex estimation methods, such as the analysis of the skull and pelvis. Currently, the application of discriminate functions to sex unidentified skeletal remains is steadily increasing. Human population exhibit some degree of sexual dimorphism which help sexual discrimination such that the male skeleton are on average larger than female thus allowing the size of skeleton to be used to estimate sex. The length of fingers and foot dimensions can determine the possibility of sexual dimorphism in addition to the interdigital ratios that do not depend on the body size, height, or age. Anthropometric measurements of the hand and foot dimensions (length and breadth) now become very important tool in sexual dimorphism detection in addition to the length of the small bone of the hand. This study aims to use of various parameters (length of the hand fingers and hand bone length, ratio between fingers) and foot dimensions ( length and breadth) in determination of the sex of individuals via the use of statistical analysis study was conducted on 200 Egyptian volunteer randomly selected adult 20-35 years old(100 male and 100 female), from Fayoum city. All subjects were healthy , had no fracture or disease .The mean age of the studied group of male volunteers is 21.40 years while that of female is 22.37 years old. The length of the fingers of males measured using a spreading caliber (the thumb is excluded) each finger given a number 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F for index ,middle ,ring and little finger respectively, same is done for the female. The finger length is the distance between the tips of the finger till proximal flexion crease of that finger. The ratio between fingers is measured and named after with sex possibility (2f/3f, 2f/4f, 2f/5f, 3f, 4f, 3f/5f, 4f/5f) .The results are analyzed statistically using SPSS program calculating the mean ,S.D and S.E. T test is used to compare different finger length ratio between fingers, and foot dimensions, and the p value is calculated. The results prove that the mean length of male fingers is more than that of female and the 2f/3f, 2f/4f, 2f/5f of the male and female right hand is highly significant less than0 .001 also 3f/4f. While regarding to foot dimensions, the mean value were larger in left foot than the right. The foot length was the measurement with the greatest sex difference in both feet. In both feet, the length was the most sensitive variable 93% with 98% accuracy in left foot and 83% in right foot. In all age groups, the foot index in female was found to be more than 36, and less than 36 in male. Therefore, this value 36 can be used as deviation point for the determination of sex; hence, we can use these variants as sex determinant.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19163_f2741679d96a1cc5282d529172ed9e09.pdf
2013-07-01
12
19
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19163
Ghada
Abd- Elazeem
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Wafaa
Yousef
2
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Clinical Study of Acute Tramadol Poisoning in the Poison Control Center, Ain Shams University in 2012
An increasingly alarming phenomenon of tramadol abuse in Egypt has been demonstrated in the recent years. Although the issue of drug abuse is not a newly introduced issue to Egyptian society but the wide range of usage and illegal transactions associated with tramadol abuse making it the most easily accessible and readily provided drug at low cost. Aim of the work: is to highlight the magnitude of tramadol poisoning and its patterns during the year 2012. Interpretation of the poisoning data through an annual report would be essential to face continuously challenging hazards. Patients and methods: This study was carried out on 1581patients presented to the emergency department of the Poison Control Center, Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCCA)due to acute tramadol poisoning, in the period from 1, January 2012 to 31,December 2012.A descriptive analysis and statistics of the medical records is accomplished. Results: The majority of patients (54.6%) were between 19 and 30 years, with male predominance representing (79.8%)of the total presented cases. The majority of admitted patients (56.6%) were male drug addicts, followed by suicidal attempt in (26.6%).Co- ingestion of other drugs or agents was recorded in (16%) of admitted tramadol patients which increase toxicity significantly. The most frequent clinical manifestations in admitted tramadol patients were coma in (52%), Constricted pupil in (30%)and seizures in (17.5%). Respiratory failure was present in 12.6% of admitted patients. Death occurred in 14 cases (0.9%) of the presented cases. The main cause of death was acute respiratory failure.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19164_cd988c51ac59d258cdcf3d44a0f351e6.pdf
2013-07-01
20
26
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19164
tramadol
Acute poisoning
Heba
Halawa
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Annual Report of the Poison Control Centre, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, 2012
Background: Poisoning is a growing potential threat to the Egyptian community. The Poison Control Centre Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCCA) received 19 744 cases in the year 2012. The aim of this study is to portray the pattern of poisoning among cases admitted to (PCCA) in the year 2012 to evaluate the commonest poisoning causes, ways of management and outcomes during that year. Methods: Computerized data of a specially designed program comprised demographic in addition to clinical and management data of the poisoning cases received in PCCA in the year 2012. A descriptive analysis and statistics of the medical records is accomplished. Results: Overall, 19 744poison exposure cases were recorded. The largest poisoning affection was at the age group of 15 - Conclusions: Special attention has been drawn towards increased attempted suicide in adolescents and early adulthood, the younger age of drug users and the progressive increase of some drugs of abuse.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19165_cf49b31fb578975861392661ce8405fb.pdf
2013-07-01
27
34
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19165
Acute poisoning
clinical management
Outcome
PCCA
Heba
Halawa
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine,Poison Control Centre, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Saad
Nageeb
2
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine,Poison Control Centre, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
El Guindi
3
Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Medicolegal Evaluation of Firearm Injuries Pattern (Fatal and Nonfatal) in Qena Governorate, Egypt during the Years 2010 and 2011 (a Retrospective Study)
This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate and compare the pattern of firearm injuries in Qena Governorate during the years 2010 and 2011 (before and after the 25th January Egyptian revolution) based on examination of medicolegal reports belong to cases of firearm injuries which referred to the Medicolegal Department of Ministry of Justice, in Qena Governorate. Firearm injuries were 356 and 448 cases which represented 38.56% and 40.7% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Most of injuries occurred in males which represented 95.5% and 96 % of total cases and the highest percentage of victims was in the age group 21-30 years which represented 42.41% and 42.18% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. The highest percentage of cases among regions of the Governorate was in Deshna center which represented 20.2% and 20.3% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Most of cases occurred in summer months which represented 30.34% and 33% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Long rifled weapons constituted the highest percentage of used weapons which represented 87.4% and 96.4 % of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. The most common site for entrance wounds was the extremities which represented 85.67% and 81.2%of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Most cases were due to perpendicular firing which represented 84.5% and 88% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. The head and chest injuries constituted the highest percentage of causes of death which represented 42.1% and 37% of total cases in year 2010 while they represented 40.7% and 31.6% of total cases in year 2011 respectively. Fatal cases represented 5.3% and 18.1% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively while the nonfatal cases represented 94.7% and 81.9% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Permanent infirmities occurred in 7.1% and 8.7% of nonfatal cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. As regard the manner of injuries, homicidal injuries represented 89.6 % and 87.5%, accidental injury represented 8.9% and 11.8%, suicidal injury represented 1.5% and 0.7% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. As regard motives of injuries revenge was the commonest motive for injuries which represented 54.7% and 44.6% of total cases then dispute in 32.95% and 41.47% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. This study concluded that the percentage of firearm injuries was increased in year 2011 than year 2010 due to absence of security role and presence of unlicensed weapons. Minimization of firearm injuries necessitates activation of police role, enforcement of law in prevention of possession and trafficking of unlicensed weapons as well as strengthen the active role of conciliation and dispute resolution committees in the community.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19166_0602346f2b2f56fe6edc4a9df5c09cb8.pdf
2013-07-01
35
49
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19166
medicolegal
Firearm injuries
Qena Governorate
Egypt
Zaghloul
Mohammed
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut
AUTHOR
Khaled
Abdel Aal
2
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut
AUTHOR
Ibrahim
Mohamed
3
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo
AUTHOR
Ali
Mohamed
4
Qena Medicolegal Department, Ministry of Justice, Qena
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Developmental Immunotoxicity of Aluminium Containing Food Additive: an Experimental Study
Aluminium (Al) compounds occur naturally in the environment and are used for different purposes such as water treatment, food additives and pharmaceuticals. Its potential toxicity on human has been documented but still the immunotoxic behaviour is debated. The current study aimed at exploring the effect of developmental exposure to Al on both cell mediated and humoral immunity on rats' offspring. Twenty pregnant albino rats in four groups (5 dams/group) were orally exposed to aluminium ammonium sulphate in 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/ day in addition to a control group for five days a week during conception, pregnancy, lactation till weaning of pubs. Then forty female offspring of the treated mothers in four groups (10 rats each) were maintained with the same Al doses whenever they can be directly dosed until reached 8 weeks old(near adults) so all critical windows of immune development were examined. Total body weights, spleen and thymus relative weights along with total and differential leukocytic counts were evaluated for juvenile rats. Three immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgE) in addition to two cytokines, interferon- δ (IFN-δ) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) were measured as indicators of humoral and cell mediated immunity. Results indicated reduced body weights by dose increment and this was concomitant to increase in relative thymic and splenic weights. The concentration of TNF-α and IFN-δ were elevated especially with highest Al dose but other immunoglobulins, IgG and IgM showed insignificant change versus controls while IgE displayed decline in its level most observed with maximum dose group compared to controls. Total white blood cell count did not change significantly from controls but relative lymphocytosis was observed. The present results proved the developmental immunotoxic effect of the aluminium compound investigated, mainly of cell mediated type. Further research is needed to examine specific critical stages of immune development in response to Al exposure as well as differential gender susceptibility
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19167_dacf317aac3e50e9066a32bcbb926c87.pdf
2013-07-01
50
59
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19167
aluminium
developmental
Immunotoxicity
experimental
Ghada
Omran
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Michael
Agban
2
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Safaa
George
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antioxidant Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract against Potassium Dichromate Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Small Intestine of Adult Male Albino Rats
Background: Chromium usage is increasing worldwide. Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) in animals and humans causes various health hazards. Cr (VI) compounds are classified as class I human carcinogens. Antioxidants were reported to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), naturally occurring compounds, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-tumor activities. Objectives: Accordingly, this work was conducted to investigate the antioxidant effect of GSPE against oxidative DNA damage induced by potassium dichromate on small intestine of adult male albino rats through biochemical and microscopic study. Study design: Forty adult male albino rats were included in this study and divided into four equal groups. Group I served as control group. Group II received 100mg/kg/day GSPE. Group III was treated with 15mg/kg/day potassium dichromate. Group IV received both K dichromate and GSPE in their previous doses. All animals were treated orally by syringe feeding method for two months. Body weight, plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol (T-SH) of all studied groups were measured. In addition, light microscopic examination of small intestine using hematoxylin and eosin stains and immunostaining for detection of p53 positive cells as well as scanning electron microscopic examination were carried out. Results: The current study showed that adult male albino rats treated orally with potassium dichromate showed decrease in body weight, significant increase in plasma and intestinal tissue MDA and significant decrease in plasma and intestinal tissue thiol level. All these changes were associated with severe histological alterations in the wall of the small intestine especially the duodenum with significant increase of p53 positive cells. GSPE were found to counteract the toxic effect of potassium dichromate by attenuating oxidative stress and DNA damage. Conclusion: It is concluded that GSPE is promising as an agent that can potentially reduce K dichromate induced toxic effects in small intestine through its antioxidant effect.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19168_a14d1175dbbc6847a896f17ee43f33fa.pdf
2013-07-01
60
74
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19168
p53
grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
total thiol (T-SH)
Potassium Dichromate
Small Intestine
Mona
Abo El-Noor
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Naglaa
Sarhan
2
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Khaled
Moustafa
3
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Age Estimation through Dental Measurements Using Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography Images in a Sample of Upper Egyptian Population
The role of forensic odontology has increased in recent years. Age estimation of living or deceased individuals is an important aspect of this science .Dental age estimation methods are of particular value because teeth are highly resistant to mechanical, chemical, or physical impacts and time. So the aim of this study was to investigate the possible estimation of age by using dental age through some dental measurements using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). The study was done on forty eight cases (24 males and 24 females). Multiple measurements were done on the right upper central incisor, right upper lateral incisors, right upper canine and right first premolar teeth and their pulp at different levels (maximum width of the crown, cervical area, mid-root and apex) by many views: sagittal (bucco-lingual dimension), coronal (mesiodistal dimension), and axial (bucco- lingual and mesiodistal dimensions). In addition the tooth and the pulp areas were measured .The study proved that the most accurate model for determination of age in upper first premolar tooth was measurement of pulp length + pulp width at the crown+ pulp width mid level of the pulp where R was 97%. Followed by upper central incisor pulp width at mid-level of the pulp in Bucco-lingual view with R 96%. While measurement of tooth length for upper canine at Bucco-lingual view was the least accurate method for this tooth with R 90%. So the study concluded that using CBCT is useful in detection of age by obtaining linear teeth measurements. In addition, the use of the upper first premolar tooth measurements followed by upper central incisor followed by upper canine are useful in estimating the chronologic age of any person.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19169_cd27e91582dd62be250fb024253dedb1.pdf
2013-07-01
75
88
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19169
CBCT
Radiography
Teeth
Age Determination
Hala
Ahmed
1
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine,Minia University, Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ashraf
Ewiss
2
Community Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nagwa
Khattab
3
Pedodontics Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Maha
Amer
4
Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Stature from Hand and Handprint Measurements among Some Egyptians Using Flatbed Scanner
Stature is used for constructing a biological profile that assists with the identification of an individual. Currently, estimation of stature is performed from fleshed and skeletal remains. There has been little attempt to use complete or partial hand impressions left at scene of crime for estimating stature. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to assess the reliability and accuracy of using hand and handprint measurements for the estimation of stature among Egyptian. The study is conducted on 100 males and 100 females in the age group of 21 to 45 years. Stature of each subject is recorded. Following scanning of both hands and converting photos into handprints, eight measurements are taken on each hand and its corresponding print. Using student t. test, significant sex difference are found for all studied parameters where P ≤ 0.05 for all measurements. There is no statistically significant difference between left and right hand measurements in both sexes. Hand length showed the highest correlation with stature where r= 0.517 in males and 0.781 in females. Correlation coefficients are higher in females than in males as regards all measurements except for hand breadth. All handprint measurements are correlated with stature in both males and females (P≤0.05) except for handprint breadth (P=0.38 in males and o.183 in females). Stature is strongly correlated with handprint length in females r=0. 741 and thumb print length in males r=0.514.Stature prediction accuracy using hand and handprint measurements ranges from 0.978 to 2.98. Multiple regressions reveal nearly the same values obtained by linear regression equations. Comparison between actual stature and the estimated ones showed non-statistical significant differences where p≥0.05 for hand and hand print measurements. Hand and handprint measurements are considered a good source for estimating stature in forensic practice among adult Egyptians.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19375_f55244ed0f0565385e0571200b5fc1d7.pdf
2013-07-01
89
97
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19375
Forensic science
Forensic anthropology
Stature estimation
Hand measurements
handprint measurement
Nagla
Salama
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Collateral Damage of Sodium Nitrates and Alleviating Properties of Vitamin C on Thyroid Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats: Toxicological, Histological and Ultrastructural study
Introduction: In the recent years, a considerable attention has been paid to the problem of nitrates due to their intensive use as agricultural fertilizers which reach to humans and animals by different routes. Purpose: To validate the toxic effects of nitrates in a short-term experiment (60 days) on thyroid gland and the possible ameliorative effect(s) of vitamin C. Materials and methods: Thirty two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) received distilled water, group II received 500mg∕kgvitamin C, group III received 130mg/kg sodium nitrates (NaNO3) and group < strong> IV received 130mg/kg NaNO3 plus 500mg∕kgvitamin C.All supplementations were taken as oral single dose daily for 60 days.At the end of experiment, blood samples were subjected to hormonal assay (T3, T4 and TSH serum levels). Also, thyroid glands' specimens were prepared for the optical and electron microscopic examination. Results: I- The biochemical analyses showed a significant decrease in serum T3 and T4 and a significant increase in TSH. II-Light microscopic examination of nitrates treated group revealed disturbed thyroid architecture in the form of heterogeneous poorly developed follicles. Enlarged deformed follicles with scanty vacuolated colloid, degenerative empty follicles and some fused follicles with exfoliated cells filled their lumen were observed. III-Electron microscopic examination showed stratification of follicular epithelial cells. Most of the follicular cells appeared with irregular nuclei, dilation of rER, many vacuoles and an apparent number of lysosomes. Also hypertrophy and hyperplasia of parafollicular-C cells were observed. An improvement of thyroid gland’s structure, ultrastructure and function was observed in vitamin C added group. In conclusion: This study concluded that nitrate is a thyroid gland disruptor via a mutual interdependence between the follicular, parafollicular and intra-thyroidal mast cells. The supplementation of vitamin C showed beneficial effects upon biochemical and patho-morphological alterations, developed in thyroid gland following exposure to toxic doses of nitrates. So, the recommendations are limitation of sodium nitrates uses, encourage dietary intake of vitamin C and routine analysis of thyroid function in the most nitrates' contaminated areas.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19376_d5583df9a3317be2cfaac142250ee626.pdf
2013-07-01
98
110
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19376
Sodium nitrates
Thyroid gland
vitamin c
Rats
Toxicological
Ultrastructure
Zienab
Gouda
1
Histology and Cell Biology Department,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Ismail
2
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Eman
Askar
3
Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
AUTHOR
Zakaria
El-Zawahry
4
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Palmar Dermatoglyphics, a Possible Screening Tool among Some Egyptian Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Study of dermatoglyphics has a great importance in judicial and criminal researches. Nowadays its relation to some genetic diseases has an immense application. The patterns of dermatoglyphics have been studied in various congenital disorders like Down syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome and also in chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus etc. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the association between acute lymphoblastic leukemia among children and palmar dermatoglyphics to assess the possibility of using this association as a screening tool for early prediction of leukemia. The study was conducted on 50 children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia who attended at the Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, El-Shatby Hospital, Main Alexandria University Hospital. Matched healthy controls were selected within the same age group. The dermatoglyphic features (ab-ridge count, atd, tda and dat angles) were measured. Results: The present study showed a significant relation between palmar dermatoglyphics and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patients group had significantly lower atd, tad and ab-ridge with no significant difference as regards adt angle than control group as regards the right hand measurements. On the other hand the patients group had significantly lower atd, adt angles and ab-ridge count and significantly greater tad angle than the control group as regards the left hand measurements. The present study developed an equation for prediction of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with an accuracy of 66.7%. Conclusion: palmar dermatoglyphics can represent non-invasive anatomical marker of acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk facilitating its early detection among childre
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19377_223fee095fdaa9aad1cbbfc8beae5ab1.pdf
2013-07-01
111
120
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19377
Palmar dermatoglyphics. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Nagla
Salama
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Somaya
Madkour
2
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Amina
Elhalawany
3
Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nermine
AbdelHak
4
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of Homicidal Deaths in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt from 2006 to 2010
Homicide is a reflection of extreme aggression and examined at medicolegal centres to determine the cause and the manner of death. This study was done on autopsies conducted at Menoufiya Governorate Medicolegal Centre during 5-years period from 2006-2010 to know the pattern of homicide and to determine how autopsy information influences the outcome of police inquest. Information was obtained from all medicolegal reports of homicidal deaths and statistically analyzed. The total number of postmortem examinations was 3215; of these 6.9% homicide autopsies were performed over the study period; it showed progressive increase in number through the period of the study. The homicide rate was 0.0069 per 100,000 populations. The majority (64%) of victims were in the 21-50 years age groups, farmers (26.1%) and males (69.4%). Most (46.4%) incidences occurred during summer, among family members (45%) followed by friends and neighbors, took place outdoor (62%) and 56.3% of homicides occurred in rural areas. The majority of homicide deaths were caused by Sharp instruments (41%), blunt instruments (28.4%), followed by firearm weapons (14.9%). Causes of death were head injury (36.6%) and occurred among males, while burn was more common among females and asphyxia were equally distributed. Committing homicides by related offenders in places not related to the victims and detecting that by autopsy were findings of most important. The cases have been labeled as homicide on the basis of autopsy which confirmed police inquest, thus autopsy should be done in all cases suspected to be homicide by police.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19378_99dd42a54bcc612a411c456a94f3a881.pdf
2013-07-01
121
128
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19378
Homicide
analysis
Egypt
Ibrahim
Elgendy
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nermeen
Hassan
2
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Retrospective Study of Acute Theophylline Intoxicated Cases Admitted to Poison Control Center, Ain-Shams University Hospitals from January 2007 to December 2008
Methylxanthines especially theophylline have been recognized as potent bronchodilators for of acute asthma over 65 years. Theophylline affects the cardiovascular (CV), neurological, gastrointestinal GI, and metabolic systems. One-hundred and ten patient’s records with a discharge diagnosis of acute theophylline intoxication during the period from January 2007 to December 2008 at Poison control Center, Ain Shams University Hospitals were recruited. These patient’s records were reported for history, clinical manifestations, investigations and management. It was noticeable that, majority of cases were Females between 10 to less than 30 years old. Gastrointestinal symptoms especially nausea and vomiting were the most frequent. Sinus tachycardia was present in (85.5%) of acute overdose cases, while hypotension was found in only one case. Agitation was present in (7.6%) of with single overdose, while (1.92%) of those cases presented with hallucination. Only one case with single overdose presented with seizures. All patients were having toxic serum theophylline levels and hypokalemia. This work concluded that agitation, sinus tachycardia and hypokalemia were considered as prognostic factors. Moreover, the recorded clinical and laboratory parameters categorized all patients in to mild, moderate and severe cases. In-addition, this study recommended that prognostic factors reported as well as grading system outlined in this work must be assessed routinely and as early as possible to evaluate and improve the outcome the case.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19379_a7f20ada1d0ee3135c62fb456c2f0fb4.pdf
2013-07-01
129
140
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19379
Saad
Naguib
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amany
El Sayed
2
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hend
El Helaly
3
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sara
Said
4
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Acute Respiratory Toxicity in Patients with Exposure to Common Household Chemical Products: A Retrospective Study on Patients Admitted to the ICU of Poison Control Center – Ain Shams University from April 2011 to April 2012
Background: Poisoning with household chemical products can be attributed to their availability and easy accessibility. Poisoning by many common household products may be associated with the development of various respiratory symptoms. Accordingly, this work was conducted to study and evaluate the pattern and outcome of acute respiratory toxicity caused by common household chemical products exposure in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Poison Control Center (PCC) Ain Shams University Hospitals. Method: A hospital-based retrospective study on 149 patients with acute respiratory toxicity related to common household intoxication admitted to ICU of the PCC Ain Shams University Hospitals from April 2011 to April 2012. Data regarding age, sex, data of intoxication, type of toxic agents, clinical and investigational data on admission, management and outcome were recorded and analyzed Results:Pediatric age represented55.7% of cases and number of females slightly exceeded that of males. Poisoning was predominantly accidental. Toxic agents included cholinesterase inhibitors, hydrocarbons, corrosives, and carbon monoxide. Respiratory distress was the predominant cause for ICU admission. Complete cure was the fate of 75.2% of the cases, while mortality occurred in 16.8% of cases Conclusions: Household poisoning is still responsible for a considerable number of poisoning and deaths. Preventive strategies adopted at a national level are the key measures to reduce the incidence of poisoning with household chemicals.
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19380_2dfdef1877e7bf5dc8c8ade25cb5d3c5.pdf
2013-07-01
141
150
10.21608/ajfm.2013.19380
Manal
Abd El-Salam
1
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hoda
Salah Eldin
hodasalah1974@gmail.com
2
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Noha
Awad
3
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR