Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Estimation of Sex from Hyoid Bone: A Preliminary Study with Medico-Legal Implications161820410.21608/ajfm.2017.18204ENSaharMoustafaForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.Journal Article20181102Determination of sex from analysis of human skeletal remains has been an age old problem and represents a crucial stage in any forensic study. The hyoid bone is of considerable medico-legal interest owing to its susceptibility to fracture during many forms of neck compression and is considered as a useful mean for sex estimation in forensic investigations. The aim of this study was to find out the utility of the hyoid bone in estimation of sex based on selected anthropometric parameters in a Saudi population sample. It is a prospective study on medico-legal autopsy cases in Morgue Department in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia comprised 66 Saudi cadavers (36 males and 30 females) and comprised 11 anthropometric parameters. The results showed that the values of the measured hyoid bone parameters are statistically higher in males than in females except two parameters (right and left angle of lesser cornua) and statistically higher significant difference in males than females in the measurements except four parameters (right and left maximum width of the proximal end of the greater cornua & right and left angle of lesser cornua). The maximum sexual dimorphism was recorded for the maximum body length and total hyoid length. The results revealed overall accuracy rates ranged from (63.2% in females to 93.79% in males for hyoid body length (BL) and 65.68% in females to 100% in males for total hyoid length (THL) and concluded that the hyoid bone showed sexual dimorphism. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Study of Probable Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A & the Protective Role of Vitamin E on Testes and Prostate of Adult Male Albino Rats7181820510.21608/ajfm.2017.18205ENBothinaOmranDepartments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharqia, Egypt.EmanAbdallahDepartments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharqia, Egypt.MaiAbdelwahabDepartments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharqia, Egypt.Journal Article20181102<strong>Objective</strong>: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in industries in wide range. It is usually detected in the environment and has oestrogenic effects which are usually harmful to the reproductive system. Exposure to some oestrogenic compounds alters the growth and development of the reproductive organs that may lead to infertility or cancer. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this work is to detect the Bisphenol A effects on testes and prostate of adult male albino rats and assess the protective role of vitamin E. <strong>Material and methods</strong>: 30 adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 4 groups: Group I (control group) (12 rats): which subdivided into 2 equal subgroups: Subgroup (A) (negative control group): 6 rats received only regular diet and water to determine the basic values of performed tests for 8 weeks. Subgroup (B) (vehicle control group): 6 rats received 1 ml of corn oil (the vehicle of BPA and vitamin E) by oral gavage once daily for 8 weeks. Group II (vitamin E treated group) (6 rats): Each rat gavaged orally with 200 mg/kg body weight vitamin E once daily for 8 weeks. Group III (Bisphenol A treated group) (6 rats): Each rat gavaged orally with 325 mg/kg body weight BPA (1/10 LD 50) in 1ml of corn oil as a vehicle once daily for 8 weeks. Group IV (Bisphenol A and vitamin E treated group) (6 rats): Each rat gavaged orally with (200 mg/kg body weight vitamin E then 325 mg/kg body weight Bisphenol A) once daily for 8 weeks. Serum levels of testosterone were estimated. Testes and prostate histopathological and immunohistochemical examination were performed. <strong>The results</strong>: The results after being statistically analyzed and tabulated revealed that oral BPA adminstration induced a significant decrease in serum total testosterone levels. It also induced histopathological alterations in testes and prostate with increased Caspase3 immunoreactivity. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It was concluded that oral BPA adminstration induced destructive effects in the testes and prostate, and vitamin E administration during exposure to BPA offers protection against its damaging effect. <strong>Recommendations</strong>: The use of BPA must be decreased and avoid the improper usage of plastic containers in order to decrease the health hazards resulting from BPA exposure. Administration of vitamin E may ameliorate the adverse effects of BPA on the function of reproductive system.Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Estimation of Stature from Anthropometric Dimensions of Hand and Foot in Egyptian Sample19251820610.21608/ajfm.2017.18206ENSaharMoustafaForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.Journal Article20181102Estimation of stature from incomplete or mutilated and decomposed skeletal remains has obvious importance in personal identification and considered as one of the “Big Four” parameters required to assist in the identification of an individual. Hand and Foot prints are the most valuable clues and may be the only evidence that be available at the crime scene in the form of latent impressions and stature prediction from these prints may support stature estimation of suspects made by eye-witnesses. The aim of the present study is to analyze the anthropometric relationship between hand and foot dimensions with stature in Egyptian population sample. Measurements of stature, hand and foot dimensions were taken from 97 adults (55 males and 42 females) aged from 21 to 45 years following the standard technique. The results revealed that values of all the measurements are statistically significant higher in males than in females and the standard error of estimate (SEE) was lowest using the measurement of foot length (SEE ± 4.26-3.78 cm for males and females respectively) followed by hand length (SEE ± 5.14-3.94 cm for males and females respectively). Stature was significantly and positively correlated with all hand and foot dimensions while the foot length followed by hand length showed the highest correlation with stature which concluded that foot length and hand length are the most accurate measurements for estimating stature with high accuracy in both sexes.Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601The Potential Toxic Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Thyroid Gland of adult male and female Albino Rats: Light and Electron Microscopic study26351820710.21608/ajfm.2017.18207ENNoraAbdellahForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.SafaaGeorgeForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.ReneahBushraDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.Journal Article20181102Background: <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> extract (GBE) is an alcohol extract of leaves from the <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> tree. The extract is available in form of tablets or capsules and its main medical use <em>to improve memory and brain function.</em> In spite of widespread human exposure to relatively high doses over potentially long periods of time, there is few studies regarding the toxicity and carcinogenicity associated with GBE. Aim: to study <em>the potential toxicity of GBE on thyroid gland. </em><em>Methods: solutions containing </em>GBE<em> in corn oil were administered by </em>peroral intubation<em>to male and female rats five times a week for three months. Groups of 20 rats received 40 mg/kg of GBE, and another group received 500 mg/kg five times a week. Another group of rats given solutions of corn oil with no chemical added. Similar group of animal of rats were given nothing except food and water and served as the blank control groups. </em>Thyroid hormones including thyroid stimulating hormone, total triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>), and total thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) were measured during the study. <em>At the end of the study, thyroid tissues were examined for every animal by light and electron microscope.</em><br /> <em>Results</em>: In the small dose group ,thyroid gland showed disorganized follicles of varying diameters with little amount of the colloid in some follicles while others demonstrated absent colloid with desquamated epithelial cells in their lumens. In the high dose group, thyroid gland was composed of very small follicles. Some follicles had no apparent lumina. Follicular cells were found in more than one layer (adenoma) with Infiltration of interfollicular spaces by fatty cells.<br /> <em>Conclusions: </em>GBE is a complex mixture that induces only pathological changes in rat thyroid glandAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Study of Age and Gender Related Variations in Position of Mental Foramen of Some Egyptians Using Digital Panoramic Radiography36471820810.21608/ajfm.2017.18208ENAfafShaabanForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, EgyptOssamaEl-ShallOral Medicine, Periodontology, Radiology & Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Girls Branch, EgyptJournal Article20181102<strong>Introduction: </strong>The mandible is the strongest bone in the human body and persists in a well-preserved state longer than any other bone. One of mandibular characteristic that can prove very helpful for age and gender determination is mental foramen. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic position of mental foramen in relation to anatomical structures in different age groups in some male and female Egyptians. <strong>Subjects and Methods: </strong>The study group comprised a total of 200 patients; 100 males (aging from 8.7 to 66.0 years old) and 100 females (aging from 8.4 to 66.5 years old), attending the outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls, Al Azhar University, in Cairo, and required panoramic radiography for various dental treatments. The study population was divided into five age groups; 8-12 years, 13-17 years, 18-30 years, 31-50 years, and 51-70 years. On panoramic radiographs, the following parameters were measured; MF-ML: distance from mental foramen to the midline, MF-ABC: distance from mental foramen to the alveolar bone crest, MF-BM: distance from mental foramen to the base of mandible. These measurements were compared between different age groups and both sexes. <strong>Results:</strong>The results indicated that the mean values of the distance between mental foramen and the midline (MF-ML), the alveolar bone crest (MF-ABC) and the base of mandible (MF-BM) increase in a significant accelerating manner in children, become stable after the age of 18 and after the age of 50 the mental foramen becomes closer to the alveolar crest. As regards sex difference, males showed higher mean values than females in all measurements in all age groups except in the age group (8-12) years. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that the position of mental foramen varies with age, and there is a gender related variation in its position. Using mental foramen position measurements may be helpful to predict age and sex on panoramic radiographs for Egyptians.<strong> Recommendation:</strong> Further research and studies are needed with extensive and large number of samples from different districts of Egypt, in order to accurate assessment of position of mental foramen in Egyptians that would help in establishing its role in forensic applications.Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Prospective Study on Acute Poisoning Related Deaths in Menoufia Poisoning and Addiction Control Center (MPCC), Menoufia University Hospitals48591820910.21608/ajfm.2017.18209ENAzzaZanatyForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, EgyptJournal Article20181102<strong>Introduction:</strong> Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency that causes morbidity and mortality. Acute poisoning fatality is of medical, legal and social significance.<br /> <strong>Aim of the work: </strong>The present work aimed at describing the demographic, characters of deaths due to acute poisoning (type and manner of poisoning), management and mechanism of death.<br /> <strong>Subjects and Methods:</strong> Prospective study on deaths due to acute poisoning which admitted to MPCC through a period from 1-1-2015 to 31-12-2016. Cases were evaluated. The results were further studied by statistical tests.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 4,834 acute poisoned cases were admitted in MPCC. Among which 78 cases (1.6) % were died. The most common age of deaths was 7-18 years 41% followed, by age >18-30 years 33.3%. Females surpassed males (59%), students accounted 41% followed by farmers 23%. The majority of deaths were single and from rural areas. More than fifty percent of poisoned cases were due to Aluminum phosphide followed by insecticides 25%. Oral ingestion was the prominent method of intake 94.4%. Suicidal intention was more common than accidental cases (74.4 % versus 25.6%). Suicide was significantly common in females age groups (7-18) and (>18-30) years mainly in students and non- worker cases. . Metabolic acidosis was significantly correlated to Aluminum phosphide and insecticides, while hypoxia was significantly associated with Dormex and corrosive poisoning. ECG changes showed arrhythmia in Aluminum phosphide poisoning. Meanwhile bradycardia was associated to dormex and insecticides poisoning. Low blood cholinesterase level was significantly present in insecticides poisoned cases. There was significant relation to cardiac arrest as a cause of death to Aluminum phosphide cases.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <strong>Conclusion and recommendation</strong>: Suicide was significantly common in females age groups (7-18) and (>18-30) years mainly in students and non- worker cases. The majority of cases were single and from rural areas. Most commonly used agents are aluminum phosphide and insecticides. Cardiac arrest was the main cause of death in aluminum phosphide poisoned cases. The mortality due to poisoning can be reduced by conducting educational programs in rural areas, restrict the availability of aluminum phosphide and insecticides, keep pesticides away from easy to use for suicide and providing needy people by poison information danger.Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220181102Medicolegal Importance of the Role of Ubiquitin Expression in Suprarenal and Renal Tissues in Blunt and Sharp Traumatic Deaths: Immunohistochemical Study60691821010.21608/ajfm.2018.18210ENAymanNagyForensic and Clinical Toxicology Department & Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University.GhadaEl-SarngawyForensic and Clinical Toxicology Department & Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University, EgyptKarimaEl-DesokyForensic and Clinical Toxicology Department & Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20181102<strong>Introduction: </strong>Injuries and violence represent a major public health problem worldwide. It is still a leading cause of mortality specially in developing countries. Ubiquitin is a heat shock protein, which is induced by various kinds of traumatic stress. <strong>Aim of the work:</strong> The aim of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of ubiquitin in suprarenal and renal tissues in blunt and sharp traumatic deaths.<strong> Subjects and methods:</strong> Cross sectional post-mortem study was conducted on the traumatic medicoegal autopsy cases and natural cases in Banha medicolegal unit (Ministry of Justice) over six months interval from February 2016 to August 2016. For all medicolegal cases, the data collection sheet included age, sex, date of death, survival time and cause of death. Histological examinations and ubiquitin immunostaining were performed on the suprarenal and renal tissues. <strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five autopsy cases were included in this study. The majority of victims were males (84.4%) from rural regions (70.5%). Blunt injuries represented the majority of traumatic deaths (57.14%). The greater part of traumatic cases (74.3%) died within 24 hours post injuries. Traumatic cases revealed acute tubular necrosis and vascular degeneration in renal tissue and exhaustion of lipid contents of zona fasiculata in suprarenal tissue specimens. Traumatic deaths showed significant increase in ubiquitin expression in compared to natural deaths in renal distal convoluted tubules and suprarenal cortex. Moreover, there was significant positive correlation between survival period and positive ubiquitin immune expression in each of renal distal convoluted tubules (r=0.461, p=0.005) and suprarenal cortex (r=0.459, p=0.006).<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Ubiquitin immunoexpression can serve as a stress indicator of traumatic deaths and it may be useful for determination of survival period.Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Predictive Factors of Mortality in Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: 5 Years Retrospective Study in Tanta Poison Control Unit70791821110.21608/ajfm.2017.18211ENGhadaEl-SarnagawyDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20181102<strong>Introduction:</strong> Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a widely used rodenticide for grain preservation. Acute aluminum phosphide poisoning became one of the serious public health problems especially in developing countries due to its high mortality rates. <strong>Aim of the work:</strong> The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive factors of mortality from acute ALP poisoned cases admitted to Tanta Poison Control Unit in a 5 years interval from the start of January 2012 to the end of December 2016.<strong> Patients and methods:</strong> This retrospective study was performed on medical records of acute ALP poisoned patients admitted to Tanta Poison Control Unit during the 5 years period. Patients were divided according to their outcome into survivors and non-survivors. For all patients; sociodemographic data, toxicological data, physical examination, laboratory investigation and therapeutic intervention were recorded to evaluate their associations with the patients’ outcome. <strong>Results:</strong> During the five years period, 105 acute ALP poisoned patients were admitted with 44.7% deaths. There was significant association between each of young age group, rural residence, suicidal ingestion, increase toxic dose and prehospitalization period with the risk of mortality. Other prognostic factors included altered consciousness, agitations, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, elevated (liver enzymes, blood urea& serum creatinine), need of mechanical ventilation, increased vasoactive drug administration and low magnesium sulphate administration were also associated with poor outcome. Moreover, presence of abnormal ECG, metabolic acidosis and low systolic blood pressure at admission were associated with high risk of mortality (odd ratios were 48.488, 10.251 and 0.964 respectively). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Early recognition of the alarming risk factors with proper medical intervention may improve patients’ outcome and decrease the mortality rate of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning.<strong> Recommendations:</strong> Owing to the increase mortality rates of ALP poisoning, it is recommended to make restrictions of its open sales and perform a safe manufacture forms in a not ingestible containersAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Clinical and Laboratory Parameters Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Viper Envenomed Cases80881821210.21608/ajfm.2017.18212ENHodaSalah EldinDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0001-8368-3019RababHafezDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181102Viper species are distributed allover Egypt. Venomous bites by Viperidae snakes are associated with local and systemic manifestations and may be exacerbated by the development of acute kidney injury (AKI).<br /> <strong>THE</strong> <strong>AIM </strong>of the study was to assess acute renal injury in cases of envenomations by locally prevalent vipers as regards incidence, clinical and laboratory parameters and final outcome. <br /> <strong>METHODS</strong>: The current study was conducted on all patients, of both sex, admitted in Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University hospitals following envenomation by Viperidae snakes during 2014, 2015, and 2016. Diagnosis was based on history of snake bite with suggestive clinical data. Recorded data included patient characteristics (age, gender, delay time), vital data (heart rate, blood pressure), presence of local signs, bleeding manifestations, laboratory parameters (INR, platelet count, hemoglobin level, BUN and serum creatinine), number of antivenom vials used , duration of hospital stay and survival. Cases were sub-grouped to group I with AKI and group II without AKI.<br /> <strong>RESULTS</strong>: A total of 120 cases of venomous bites by Viperidae snakes were recorded during the study period with mortality of 4.2%. Cases were predominantly males with mean age of 35 +/-14.7years. A subset of 5.8% cases developed AKI which statistically was related to older age, longer delay time, increased incidence of bleeding manifestations and tachycardia, higher values of INR, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, lower platelet count, higher number of used antivenom vials and longer duration of hospital stay. Gender, hypotension, presence of local manifestations and hemoglobin level were insignificant among AKI. Mortality among AKI cases was statistically linked to old age, prolonged delay time, increased incidence of bleeding manifestations, higher INR values, low platelet count and low hemoglobin level and increased number of used antivenom vials and duration of hospital stay. The incidence of tachycardia, hypotension and local manifestations, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were not statistically different among non- survivors.<br /> <strong>CONCLUSION</strong>: Acute renal injury may complicate the course of viper envenomations. Venom hemotoxicity is related to morbidity and mortality especially with older age and longer time between bite to antivenom therapy.<br /> <strong> </strong>Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Study of Acute Poisoning Cases in Children Admitted To Menoufia Poison Control Center (MPCC) During the Year (2016)" A Prospective Study"89991821310.21608/ajfm.2017.18213ENFatmaKandeelForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.RehamEl- FarounyForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Journal Article20181102<strong>Background</strong>: Poisoning of children is a major health problem in the developing as well as the developed world; it represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents.<br /> <strong>Objectives:</strong> This study was designed to describe the pattern of childhood poisoning cases admitted to Menoufia Poison Control Center (MPCC) at Menoufia University Hospital over one year. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong>This was a prospective study conducted on 760 children less than 18 year with acute poisoning and all required data about socio-demographic status, poison data and clinical assessment were collected and statistically analyzed.<br /> <strong> Results</strong>: The total number of cases during the period of study was (760) cases, males outnumbered females (55.5% versus 44.5% respectively). Those from 2 to 6 year were the highest age group which represented 62.1%. Pesticide poisoning was the most common exposure (34.4%) followed by household cleaning agents (30%). Most of poisoned cases were accidental (91.7%) while only 8.3% were suicidal. The most common route of poisoning was oral one (92.6%). Seasonal variation was noticed as regards rate of admitted cases with increased rate in summer and spring. Pesticides were the most common agents resulting in death (13cases of 15). According to poison severity score (PSS) 65.8% of cases were minor followed by moderate, asymptomatic and severe cases (21.7%, 9.7% and 2.8% respectively). About 9.6% needed ICU admissions, 95.9% of cases were cured and mortality rate was 2 %.<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Most children poisoning was accidental, mainly by oral route, more in summer and spring seasons, most commonly due to pesticides and household cleaning agents. Most of cases were completely cured.<br /> <strong>Recommendations:</strong> All medications and toxic products should be kept out of reach of children, availability of child resistant containers, mass media should create awareness about this problem and finally, good parental supervision is always necessary.Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103029220170601Evaluation of Poisoning and Drug Overdose among Cases Presented to Poison Control Centre, Ain Shams University Hospital during the Year 20151001124122710.21608/ajfm.2017.41227ENHanyTawfikAssistant consultant of clinical toxicology, Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medicine
Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptEmanKhalifaDepartment of Forensic medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0001-7626-1619Journal Article20190716 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span> </span><strong>Background: </strong>Poisoning and drug overdose are important health problems in developing countries.The Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCCA) was established in 1981 as first one of its kind in the Middle East. Since then it has provided adequate services in diagnosis and treating cases of intoxication. The information released by the PCC has always been a trigger for an increasing hazard challenging the community. <br /> <strong>The aim of the study: </strong>To assess the prevalence of poisoning and to review the determinants, circumstances and outcome of patients with intoxication in PCCA, Egypt during the year 2015 to recognize changes in trends of poisoning to highlight threats to which the Egyptian community is exposed. <br /> <strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective observational hospital record-based study conducted in PCCA, Egypt. In the present study, 21898 cases of poisoning including all admissions during one year (2015) were investigated.Data on demography, hospitalization, type of poison/drug, clinical and management data and outcome of patients with poisoning were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and statistics., <br /> <strong>Results: </strong>This study included 21898 cases.Most cases of acute poisoning presented among 15-40 years age group (59.2%), 25.4% under 7 years old. Incidence was more common among females (54.8%) compared to males (45.2%). More than 94% of cases were toxic exposure through oral route.Most poison exposures were unintentional (49.5%).Drug poisoning constituted the majority of cases (55.1%), while non-drug poisoning was the second in incidence (44.9%), CNS drugs (9.95% ) were the most common drugs involved, chemicals (24.1%), were the commonly used poisons. Clinical severity was mild in 81.3% of cases, 13.2% was moderate and 5.5% was severe. Mortality was found to be 0.56%. Management of these cases was described. <br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Poisoning is more common in15-40 age group followed by children younger than 7 years. CNS drugs were the most common consumed drugs over-dosage, while chemicals were the most common among poisons. There is a change in pattern of poisoning as regard decline in number of poisoning cases from kerosene and petroleum distillates, drug of abuse overdose and animal envenomation. In addition poisoning by drugs outnumbered non- drug poisoning.