2024-03-29T16:11:25Z
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=10277
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Factors Affecting Arabic Handwriting of a Sample of Adult Egyptian Twins
Sonya
Azab
Amany
Abd El Rahman
Samar
Ahmed
Noha
Farid
Khaled
Tamem
Introduction: Both of heredity and the environment may play a crucial role in development of a person's handwriting. This study aimed to investigate the degree of similarity in Arabic handwriting of twins and features of Arabic handwriting in relation to some environmental factors. Methods: The study included 40 pairs of adult Egyptian twins (20 identical and 20 fraternal pairs). The study investigated the effects of genetic factor as well as two environmental factors (primary language of education and drawing practice) on Arabic handwriting of the included subjects. Results: There was no significant difference between identical and fraternal twins in frequency of similar pairs in the characteristics of Arabic handwriting. Subjects whose primary language of education was Arabic language were found to have better legibility of Arabic handwriting and lesser frequency of spelling mistakes. Also, they showed more frequent use of punctuation marks. On the other hand, handwriting of subjects whose primary language of education was English language showed greater frequency of keeping regular word spacing. Subjects who were practicing drawing were found to keep regular right and left margins, regular spacing between lines and good legibility of handwriting. Conclusions: Both of primary language of education and drawing practice was found to affect Arabic handwriting while the effect of genetic factor couldn’t be evidenced.
Arabic
Handwriting
twins
factors
Environmental
2020
01
01
1
11
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68006_f2bcf85c4cb4234eb80f351ee4c16faa.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Evaluation of The Genotoxic Effects of Inhalation Anesthetics on the Patients after Single Exposure Using Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RPAD-PCR) Technique
Walaa
Allam
Soheir
Mohamed
Asmaa
Khalaf
Aida
Mahmud
Wael
Mahmoud
Introduction: DNA is continuously exposed to a variety of biological, chemical and physical agents that may alter its structure and modify its function. Anesthetic gases used in general anesthesia procedures have been claimed to cause genotoxicity. Aim of the work: The present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of two commonly used anesthetic gases, isoflurane and sevoflurane after single exposure by RAPD PCR method. Methodology: The study was carried out on 50 patients admitted to Sohag University Hospitals for different surgical indications and exposed to inhalation anesthetics for the first time. Results: Obtained results revealed that the exposure to inhalation anesthetics led to DNA changes observed as a difference in the RAPD PCR pattern of the patient before and after exposure to the inhalation anesthetic. Eighty percent of patients exposed to inhalation anesthesia for the first time had a change in the RAPD PCR pattern in the form of band gain, increased band intensity, band loss, or decreased band intensity, however, isoflurane was less mutagenic than sevoflurane . Conclusion: Inhalation anesthetics had genotoxic effect detected by RAPD PCR method. Recommendations: It is recommended to examine patients after a period of exposure to inhalation anesthesia to indicate whether the DNA changes are permanent or temporary. It is important to extend the research using large sample size and diferrent anesthesia protocols.
anesthetics
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
RAPD PCR
2020
01
01
12
21
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68097_7bf36b805367443d289ff9947bb121d6.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
The Potential Protective Role of Vitamin E and Selenium against Sub-chronic Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium on the Testis of Adult Male Albino Rats
Amira
Mohammed
Wesam
Abd-Elwahab
Introduction Uptake of Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6) by the testis and its subsequent reduction to trivalent chromium is well known.Several studies attributed Cr 6 testicular toxicity to oxidative stress. Vitamin E is a lipid soluble antioxidant prevents damage to membranes. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with an antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of vitamin E and selenium against sub-chronic toxicity of Cr 6 on testes of adult male albino rats through biochemical, cytogenetic and sperm analysis. Methodology: The duration of the present study was six weeks and was carried out on 60 adult male albino rats. They were divided into 10 rats of six groups, control group, selenium group (0.5 mg/kg by oral gavage), vitamin E group (125 mg/kg by oral gavage), Cr 6 group (10 mg/kg by oral gavage), Cr 6 + Selenium group and Cr 6 + Vitamin E group. Biochemical, cytogenetic and sperm analysis were done to all groups. Results: Levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, micronucleus polychromatic erythrocyte, total sperm abnormality are increased while glucose, serum glutathione-s-transferase, testosterone, DNA and RNA contents, sperm viability and content decreased. Treatment with Se or vit.E improved all these effects. Conclusion: Hexavalent chromium induced changes in biochemical, cytogenetic and sperm analysis, which lead to disruption in reproductive cell functions. Se or vit. E has the ability for reduction of these deleterious effects. Recommendation: Since vitamin E and selenium have antioxidant properties and play vital role in preventing hexavalent chromium induced toxicity, dietary supplementation with them isrecommended for exposed workers and general population.
Hexavalent chromium
testicular toxicity
vitamin E (vit. E) and selenium (Se)
2020
01
01
22
33
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68099_e7bdded12cc52e42afb3c36a0249065a.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Corrected QT Interval as a Predictor of Outcomes in Acute Organophosphate Poisoning Cases
Aliaa
Hodeib
Heba
Khalifa
Introduction: Acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning is a global health problem and responsible for many deaths worldwide every year. It acts by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase causing cholinergic crises that lead to muscarinic, nicotinic and central manifestations. One of the most serious complications of organophosphate exposure is cardiac toxicity including electrocardiogram changes.This study aimed to evaluate corrected QT interval as predictor of major outcome events which included mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, number of atropine and toxogonine ampoules and duration of hospital stay in acute organophosphate toxicity. Methods: The study recruited 98 patients suffering from acute OP poisoning, who were admitted to Tanta University Poison Control Unit. QTc interval length and the different outcomes of the patients were recorded. Results: Fifty five patients (56.1 %) showed a prolonged QTc interval. Significant statistical association was recorded between QTc interval and delay time, manner & route of poisoning, severity of oranophosphrous toxicity and pseudocholinesterase level. Also, significant statistical association was recorded between QTc interval and need for mechanical ventilation, mortality, number of atropine & toxogonine ampoules and duration of hospital stay. Conclusion: Finally, it was concluded that QTc interval could be a good predictor for outcomes of acute organophosphrous poisoning.
Acute Organophosphate Toxicity
electrocardiographic changes
QTc
Ventilation
mortality
2020
01
01
34
40
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68125_598a8204a491e97bf1bd5ed551804978.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Study of Hand Measurements as a Potential Tool for Prediction of Sex and Estimation of Stature in a Sample of Egyptian and Malaysian Youth
Hafsa
Gheat
Eman
Soliman
Marwa
Shahin
Amal
Hafez
Background: Identification of the living and the deceased is of great importance in various civil and legal aspects. An individual hand when recovered and brought for examination can give important information about sex, stature and age of the person. Regression equations have been derived in different populations for estimation of stature and they are reliable, accurate and of utmost importance to forensic scientists for medico-legal cases. Aim of the study: To evaluate hand measurements as a potential tool for determination of sex and estimation of stature in a sample of Egyptian and Malaysian people and to conduct a comparative study between them. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on 300 volunteers (200 Egyptians and 100 Malaysians) from both sexes aged above 21 years old and less than 30 years old. Measurement of hand length, breadth and finger lengths of right hand were taken using a sliding caliper (Vernier caliper) beside measurement of the stature using stadiometer. SPSS was used to compare the recorded measurements between both sexes; logistic regression was conducted to derive equations for prediction of sex from each hand. Multiple regression was performed to estimate stature from hand measurements. Results: Male measurements of all parameters including hand length, hand breadth, finger lengths of right hand and stature were significantly higher than females in both Egyptian and Malaysian volunteers. There was a moderate to strong positive, statistically significant correlation between stature and the hand length, breadth, and finger lengths of right hand in male and female Egyptian and Malaysian participants. Hand length, hand breadth and thumb length were the best predictors for sex from the right hand, also hand length and index length were the best predictors for stature from the right hand. Conclusion: Sex and stature can be predicted with reasonable accuracy from hand measurements in Egyptian and Malaysian young adults. Further studies are required to validate the derived equations in a large sample of Egyptians and Malaysians and to test the equations validity in other age groups.
Forensic medicine
Forensic anthropology
Stature estimation
Anthropometry
Hand measurements
Egyptians
Malaysians
2020
01
01
41
50
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68127_91e6321deb071432eafc82428da43492.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Assessment of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion as an Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A randomized Controlled Trial
Samar
ELabdeen
Khaled
Saad
Mervat
Oreby
Fatma
Elgazzar
Background: Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is efficient rodenticide and insecticide. The increased incidence of acute ALP poisoning and its high mortality is a challenge for health professionals, there is no specific antidote and the treatment is mainly supportive. Aim of the work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous lipid emulsion as an adjuvant therapy for acute ALP poisoning. Patients and methods: The present study was carried out on fifty patients with acute ALP poisoning admitted at Poison Control Unit, Tanta University Emergency Hospital, throughout a period from the start of December 2016 till November 2017. The study participants were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups (25 patients each): The experimental group (received ILE 20% at a rate of 10ml/h IV infusion plus the conventional treatment of ALP poisoning), and the control group (received the conventional treatment only). Results: The number of deaths in the experimental group was lower than the control group, but it did not reach a significant level. The need for intubation and mechanical ventilation was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The administration of ILE 20% in acute ALP poisoning at a rate of 10ml/h IV infusion is a safe therapy. Moreover, the adjuvant ILE use along with the conventional supportive treatment could have a therapeutic effect in ALP poisoned patients.
Aluminum phosphide
grain tablet
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion
clinical trial
2020
01
01
51
68
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68225_58a6363eb8152960c0855fba04a30c6e.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Melatonin combination with perindopril alleviated doxorubicin cardiac toxicity in L-NAME hypertensive rats: comparative study with perindopril
Takwa
Salam
Wesam
El-Bakly
Ahmed
Badawy
Amany
Hasanin
Mona
Raafat
Introduction: Doxorubicin is a highly effective anticancer agent with serious cardiotoxic effects. Hypertension is considered as a major risk factor for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. It should be noted that about one-third of cancer patients have hypertension, and melatonin can have cardio-protective effects. The present study aimed to further investigate the possible beneficial effects of melatonin co-administration to perindopril against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in hypertensive rats. Method: Rats were randomly assigned to naïve group and N-Omega-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride (L-NAME) hypertensive group. L-NAME group was further subdivided into untreated, doxorubicin, doxorubicin / perindopril, doxorubicin/melatonin and doxorubicin/ perindopril / melatonin subgroups. Cardiac functions, CK-MB, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and cardiac percentage area of collagen fibers were evaluated. Results: Combining melatonin with perindopril to doxorubicin produced significant decreases in left ventricular end diastolic pressure, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and TGF-β. It resulted in significant increases in left ventricular dP/dtmax and SOD, in addition to apparent improvement in cardiac histopathology with a significant decrease in percentage area of collagen deposition compared to perindopril alone. Conclusion: Co-administration of melatonin to perindopril in hypertensive rats who received doxorubicin alleviated doxorubicin cardiac toxicity more than using perindopril alone. These effects could be explained by the reported antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects of melatonin.
Melatonin
Perindopril
Doxorubicin
L-NAME
cardiotoxicity
2020
01
01
69
81
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68226_04b7c3f0834186af044f14efd5bc0d89.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Assessment of the Role of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Troponin I as Possible Predictors for Phosphides -Induced Cardiotoxicity
Marwa
Abdel Wahab
Sawsan
Shalaby
Eglal
El Awady
Rania
Hussien
Waleed
Salah Eldin
Background: Metal phosphides are type of rodenticides that are extremely lethal with low safety and high mortality rates. They are commonly used as a powerful suicidal tool in Egypt and developing countries due to its low price and easy availability. Heart is a significant target organ of acute metal phosphides toxicity, causing myocardial damage and myocarditis. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate usefulness of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and troponin I as predictive biomarkers for phosphides induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity among patients admitted to the Poison Control Center Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCC-ASUH). Methods and results: A prospective study included patients of both sexes presented to the PCC-ASUH with acute metal phosphides poisoning during six months period from July to December 2017. The demographic, intoxication and clinical data were collected for every patient. On admission investigations included electrocardiogram (ECG) in addition to TAC and troponin I levels. Outcome was also recorded.This study was conducted on 188 patients of both sexes with acute metal phosphides poisoning. The patients were classified according to the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) into three groups; mild, moderate and severe. TAC value was significantly decreased in patients who developed cardiovascular manifestations and ECG abnormalities. Serum troponin I value was significantly higher in patients who developed cardiovascular manifestations and ECG abnormalities. Conclusion: The current study concluded that TAC and troponin I levels could be useful in predicting development of oxidative damage, cardiotoxicity and mortality after acute metal phosphides poisoning. Recommendations: The present study recommended the use of TAC and troponin I as useful markers for prediction of cardiotoxicity and mortality in patients with acute metal phosphides poisoning.
Poisoning
phosphides
cardiotoxicity
Oxidative Stress
2020
01
01
82
94
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68598_4ba5ddd2f32e9a14fc437c130d5d545b.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Efficacy of Clinical Toxicology Curriculum on the 4th Year Egyptian Students - Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University in Improvement their Concept about Human Safety from Toxicity
Aliaa
Hodeib
Introduction: Safety is considered the main mission in life. Decreasing death rate in homes, at work and among communities must be done through education and researches promotion. About 90% of poisoning happened due to lack of awareness. The aim of this study: is to illustrate the efficacy of Clinical Toxicology Curriculum on the 4th year Egyptian students-academic year 2018-2019 Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University in improvement their concept about human safety from toxicity. Methodology: Self designed questionnaire -based survey was conducted on the 4th year Egyptian students - Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University, administered in two parts; part I: pre course test was done in the second day of Clinical Toxicology curriculum and part II: post course test was done at the end of Clinical Toxicology curriculum which lasting for two months. Results: Number of 4th year Egyptian students participated in the study were 755. More than half of them were males, urban, and interesting in Clinical Toxicology study. The mean total knowledge score of participants was statistically significantly higher in post course test. Additionally, despite both genders showed significant increase in the mean total knowledge score, but the magnitude of knowledge gain was observed to be higher in females than males. Conclusion: it could be concluded that, many subjects in Clinical Toxicology Curriculum introduced satisfactory knowledge about safety like; how to maintain safety from household cleaning agents, but others need modifications like; safety from medications poisoning.
Clinical Toxicology Curriculum
improvement
Human Safety
2020
01
01
95
105
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68725_8251ee53fe755343e54aff7850d9844a.pdf
Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
1687-1030
1687-1030
2020
34
1
Forensic Nutrition; the Cake of Forensic Science Is Constantly Dividing.
Abo Elyazied
Fouad
2020
01
01
106
106
https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_68726_ecd8607a48259bf188946611bfbfc7a5.pdf