Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Comparison between Gastric Lavage with Paraffin Oil versus Coconut Oil in Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial11427636010.21608/ajfm.2023.276360ENSamahElbastawesyForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.0000-0001-5626-3203AlshaimmaElmansyForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.0000-0003-4273-8030Journal Article20221227<strong>Background:</strong> The high mortality incidence of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning (ALP)<br />poses serious problems for healthcare workers, especially in developing countries. There is no<br />precise antidote, and the treatment is mainly supportive. As a result, novel therapeutic<br />approaches must be evaluated to reduce the morbidity and mortality.<strong> Aim of the Study:</strong><br />Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of gastric lavage with paraffin oil versus coconut oil as<br />adjuvants to sodium bicarbonate 8.4% solution for ALP poisoned patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> This<br />double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized trial (Trial ID: NCT04724655) enrolled 60<br />symptomatic patients of both gender who presented within two hours of ALP exposure. The<br />patients were randomly allocated into three equal groups (20 patients each). All groups received<br />the conventional treatment. In paraffin group, patients were subjected to gastric lavage with a<br />mixture of paraffin oil in addition to sodium bicarbonate 8.4%. In coconut group, patients were<br />subjected to gastric lavage with a mixture of coconut oil and sodium bicarbonate 8.4%. In the<br />saline group, patients were subjected to gastric lavage with a mixture isotonic saline added to<br />sodium bicarbonate. Outcomes were recorded in all groups. <strong>Results:</strong> The percentage of deaths<br />among patients who received paraffin and coconut oily substances for gastric lavage were nonsignificantly lower than patients in the saline group. In addition, there was a significant<br />prolongation of hospital stays with higher survival time in both paraffin and coconut treated<br />groups than in the saline group (p <0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference<br />between the paraffin and coconut groups. Furthermore, there were no reported significant<br />adverse events of paraffin or coconut oil use. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Paraffin oil and coconut oil might<br />give hope to ALP poisoned patients; lowering the need for mechanical ventilation and<br />significantly improve the survival time in patients who received oily gastric lavage solution than<br />the saline-based solution with no adverse events<br />Received in original form: 18 June 2022 Accepted in a final form: 1 September 2022https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_276360_23205837e6db3e41f309e4fc7413cc7d.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101The Medicolegal aspects of road traffic accidents (RTAs) and evidence of Tau protein as a prognostic factor152127800510.21608/ajfm.2023.278005ENAmroSalehDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.AhmedEl-SayedDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.0000-0003-3622-1879Journal Article20230102<strong>Background: </strong>Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are considered a fundamental public issue in Egypt <br />and are responsible for about 12,000 deaths per year. Due to the increasing number of vehicles, <br />changes in lifestyle, and risky attitude among the general population, RTAs are significant <br />causes of injury and death. Tau protein is a microtubule centralized in the axons of neurons that <br />can be released when there is neuronal damage. <strong>Aim: </strong>The aim is to study the medicolegal <br />aspects of the RTAs and detect the possible role of Tau protein as a prognostic factor. <strong>Method:</strong><br />This is a cross-sectional study including 94 victims presented to EL Fayoum general hospital, El <br />Fayoum city, Egypt with RTA from June 2021 to December 2021. Sociodemographic data, <br />information about the accident and the outcomes of victims were recorded. A blood sample was <br />taken and level of serum tau protein was measured for each victim.<strong> Results:</strong> The majority of <br />victims were males within the age range of 15-30 years. Collision types of accidents and fourwheel vehicles were predominant. Most of the victims were vehicle passengers and pedestrians, <br />and most of the injuries were limb and head injuries. Tau protein levels were high in head <br />injuries and increased with the severity of the injury and were higher in non survivors than in <br />others. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> RTAs pose a significant threat to population safety in Egypt. Tau protein <br />level significantly correlates with the seriousness of head injury and death outcomes.<br /><strong>Recommendations:</strong> The study recommends special permits for traffic rules, helmet use and <br />regular road maintenance, and using of Tau protein as a marker for early brain damage in RTAs <br />victims
Received in original form: 9 June 2022 Accepted in a final form: 11 October 2022https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_278005_6c345f6f6f4d43f8892ab6b704a8e1e6.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Prostatic estimation of time passed since death; oxidative stress markers, histological and immunohistochemical examination (an experimental study)223327800710.21608/ajfm.2023.278007ENDaliaAliDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine-Menia University, Menia Egypt.MennatoulahAhmedDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine-Menia University, Menia Egypt.Journal Article20230102<strong>Introduction:</strong> One of the most essential duties in forensic medicine is determining the <br />postmortem interval. <strong>Objectives:</strong> The study's purpose is to estimate time passed since death in <br />relation to oxidative stress markers, histopathological changes, and prostatic specific antigen in <br />the prostate. <strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty mature male albino rats were classified into 5 main groups. Rats <br />were used for determining postmortem changes and oxidative stress markers at five different <br />postmortem intervals (0, 1, 5, 10, 15 days) with prostatic specific antigen (PSA) <br />immunohistochemistry in the prostate. <strong>Results:</strong> Prostatic gland oxidant parameters (MDA, NO) <br />revealed a significant increase while its antioxidant parameters (GSH, SOD) showed a <br />significant decrease with increased postmortem time. The prostate gland showed normal <br />histology at 0 hours postmortem (PM). While, at 1 day, it revealed minimal autolysis (<5%). <br />Starting from 5 days, moderate autolysis (10–50%) was seen. Ten to fifteen days, moderate to <br />severe autolysis (≥50%) appeared in most of the samples. Staining for PSA showed high <br />expression (++) at 0 hours PM. Moreover, a significant decrease in the amount of PSA’s stained <br />areas that revealed low expression (+) was detected at 1 and 5 days PM. Negative (−) or no <br />immunoreactivity for PSA has been detected at 10 and 15 days PM. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Prostatespecific antigen proved to be a useful parameter consistent with the histopathological changes <br />for the estimation of postmortem interval from the prostate. It is approved that the derived <br />oxidative stress markers equations can be helpful in detecting the postmortem interval in forensic <br />science<br />Received in original form: 21 September 2022 Accepted in a final form: 11December 2022 https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_278007_842d9b3a6636d140e5a526410f3670ac.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Sertraline’s deleterious effect on bone turnover in ovariectomized rats: The potential role of leptin, independent of estrogen.344327914110.21608/ajfm.2023.279141ENSherinSaadDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-2878-6645MarwaMedhetDepartment of Crime Investigation Research, The National Centre for Social & Criminological Research, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20230109<strong>Background:</strong> Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered as a principal<br />treatment for depression. They might exhibit a skeletal effect due to the existence of functioning<br />serotonergic pathways in the bone evidenced by its harmful effects in the postmenopausal<br />period. It was shown previously that leptin is involved in bone turnover regulation. <strong>Objective:</strong><br />The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of sertraline (an SSRI) on bone<br />turnover of female rats, leptin involvement and its independence of that effect on estrogen.<br /><strong>Method: </strong>Groups of bilaterally ovariectomized (performed 4weeks before starting treatment) &<br />non-ovariectomized Wistar rats received sertraline (10&20mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Serum estradiols,<br />serum osteocalcin, urinary hydroxyproline, mineral content of femur, serum leptin, and<br />hypothalamic leptin receptor mRNA expression as well as histopathological studies were<br />assessed. <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed sertraline increased bone turnover and decreased bone<br />mineral content in both non-ovariectomized and ovariectomized rats. It also decreased the level<br />of leptin peripherally as well as the hypothalamic leptin receptor mRNA expression in both OVX<br />& NOVX groups. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that SSRIs, which are frequently<br />prescribed as antidepressants, have an undesirable impact on bone, which is probably not<br />dependent on estrogen. Moreover, sertraline modulates leptin level centrally and peripherally,<br />indicating its mechanistic involvement.<br />Received in original form: 17 August 2022 Accepted in a final form: 26 September 2022https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_279141_fd433f1d2c6c2862144ab7bdf98673b2.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Steps towards Developing a Set of Guidelines for Handling Medicolegal Cases in Ain Shams University Hospitals445327987010.21608/ajfm.2023.279870ENSherifElSeginyForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.YasserElAkidForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.SohaAshryForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.Journal Article20230111<strong>Background: </strong>During medical practice, it is inevitable to face cases that have medicolegal<br />depths. The outcome of these cases could be disastrous to both the patient and the physician<br />unless handled in a correct manner. Ain Shams University Hospitals is a major referral center in<br />Cairo, Egypt, dealing with an enormous number of cases on daily basis, including a large<br />number of cases that bear medicolegal weight. <strong>Aim of the Work:</strong> This study is aimed at probing<br />the existing way that MLCs are handled and matching the results to current international<br />guidelines as a first step towards proposing a unified set of guidelines on how to deal with these<br />cases in order to preserve both patient rights and physicians’ rights. <strong>Participants and Methods:</strong><br />A Self-administered structured questionnaire was created and filled by the physicians working in<br />Ain Shams University Hospitals, during the period between November 2021 and June 2022 to<br />assess physicians' way of handling cases that had medicolegal depths. <strong>Results:</strong> 55% - 65% of<br />participants reported that their department does not provide them with knowledge regarding<br />MLCs identification, handling, documenting, reporting, evidence collection, or acting as an<br />expert witness in court. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is unequal knowledge among physicians working in<br />ASUH regarding forensic medicine, ethics and proper systematic ways of dealing with<br />medicolegal cases. https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_279870_ea66c3e30b018f38eab448e0ced24894.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Middle Finger Length: A Predictor of Stature and Gender in a Sample of Egyptian Medical Students - Faculty of Medicine-Ain Shams University546028085210.21608/ajfm.2023.280852ENNohaDiabForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo Egypt.WalaaTawfikForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo Egypt.Journal Article20230118<strong>Background:</strong> Identification is one of the cornerstones in forensic investigations. Prediction of <br />stature represents a vital parameter for reaching the partial identification of an unidentified body; <br />moreover, gender determination of the body can exclude half of the population.<strong> Aim of the </strong><br /><strong>study:</strong> To assess the middle finger length as a predictor of stature and gender. <strong>Methods:</strong> A <br />cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of medical students who attended the <br />Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams <br />University, after obtaining ethical clearance from the ethical committee. Data on age, gender, <br />height, and middle finger length were collected. <strong>Results:</strong> The total number of participants in this <br />study was 200 (100 males and 100 females) aged from 18 to 25 years. There was a positive <br />correlation between middle finger length (MFL) and stature in both males and females. As <br />regards gender determination, the most sensitive variable was left middle finger length (L MFL) <br />with 100% sensitivity (and the most specific and accurate test was right middle finger length (R <br />MFL) with 65% specificity. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study of middle finger length can help in stature <br />and gender estimation among the Egyptian population.<br />Received in original form: 4 November 2022 Accepted in a final form: 10 January 2023https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_280852_c672deae1c182b725cde643243203a2f.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101A prospective clinical study to compare between the role of Rosuvastatin against Nigella Sativa (N sativa) in protection of azithromycin toxicity in covid-19 patients in isolation centers, Minia Governorate, Egypt616728172710.21608/ajfm.2023.281727ENMohamedHafezDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.EnasAbdel AzeemDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.EsraaAbdel MagidDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.AmrAbdel HafeezDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.EmanMahmoudDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.Journal Article20230123<strong>Background:</strong> Azithromycin is the most common antibiotic used nowadays. Objectives: To <br />evaluate the cardio-toxicity of azithromycin and to assess the effect of Nigella Sativa (N Sativa) <br />and Rosuvastatin in cardio-protection. <strong>Patient & methods:</strong> This clinical prospective study was <br />carried out on adult patients diagnosed as positive COVID-19 and was admitted to isolation <br />centers in Minia Governorate during the period from 1st of June 2021 to 30th of May 2022. It <br />included 160 patients divided into 4 groups. Group I received 500 mg/ 24 hours (hrs) of <br />azithromycin orally for five days, group II received 500 mg/ 24hrs of azithromycin + 20 mg/ day <br />of Rosuvastatin orally for five days, group III also received 500 mg/ 24hrs of azithromycin + 4 <br />ml/ kg/ 24hrs N Sativa orally for five days, group IV received the same previously mentioned <br />doses and duration of azithromycin, Rosuvastatin and N Sativa. Full clinical examination was <br />done, electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed and venous blood samples were drawn for<br />estimation of CK-MB level from all patients before and after the treatment. <strong>Result:</strong> Patients <br />aged 32- 59 years old, 62 were females and 98 were males. Significant elevation of CK-MB in <br />group I after treatment with azithromycin comparing with before treatment in the same group <br />(p<0.01) was detected. There were significant differences in all groups between pre and posttreatment regards QT interval (p<0.01). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Azithromycin had toxic effect on the heart, <br />Rosuvastatin was better than N Sativa in treating this toxic effect. Treatment with Rosuvastatin + <br />N Sativa together leads to the best results. Recommendation of this study is taking of <br />Rosuvastatin plus N Sativa during the treatment with azithromycin. <br />Received in original form: 20 October 2022 Accepted in a final form: 20 January 2023https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_281727_b4c43e4be1f1cfa91673c502a900d2aa.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Protective Effect of Curcumin Against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Renal Damage: biochemical and histopathological study687528172910.21608/ajfm.2023.281729ENShireenSlimaForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.RashaRagabAnatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.Journal Article20230123<strong>Introduction</strong>: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is frequently used as a flavoring agent and taste <br />enhancer in processed modern foods. <strong>Aim of study:</strong> to assess the effects of MSG on the renal <br />cortex and renal indices of rats and to investigate the possible protective effect of curcumin <br />(biochemically, histologically and immunohistochemically). <strong>Material and methodology:</strong> for <br />this study, 40 adult male albino rats (10 in each group) were used, first group (control) was given <br />2 ml / kg olive oil, second group received 100 mg/kg curcumin (CUR) dissolved in 2 mL/kg <br />olive oil once daily, third group orally received 4 g/kg of MSG once daily for 14 days dissolved <br />in distilled water and the fourth one orally received the same doses of CUR and MSG mentioned <br />above once daily for 14 days. Blood and renal samples were collected from each group then <br />analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> MSG caused significant increase in urea, creatinine and renal <br />malondialdehyde while, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were decreased. <br />Additionally, the histopathological deterioration matched with the biochemical analysis. <br />Curcumin caused improvement of the alterations induced by MSG. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSG caused <br />impairment of renal function by inducing oxidative damage, however, curcumin protected <br />against MSG-induced nephrotoxicity by its antioxidative properties. https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_281729_5be5fb686d1ae7e3aa045afacd8ba72c.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Pattern of Intentional and Non-Intentional Non-Fatal Children Injuries in Sohag City, Egypt768628412110.21608/ajfm.2023.284121ENWalaaAllamForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Sohag, Egypt.0000-0002-8833-2565AhmedAbdelmegeedPlastic surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag Governorate, Egypt.SehamAbokreshaPublic Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag Governorate, Egypt.HasnaaAliForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Sohag, Egypt.Journal Article20230205<strong>Background: </strong>Intended and unintended injuries are considered the main causes of disability and <br />death in children worldwide. Recognition of the patterns of children's injuries is critical for <br />improving efficient protection schemes. <strong>Aim of the study: </strong>This study aims to outline the <br />childhood injury pattern, mode, characteristics, causes, and consequences in patients aged less <br />than 18 years. <strong>Method:</strong> A prospective study was carried out on patients aged 18 years and below <br />admitted to the emergency department of Sohag University Hospital, in the period between <br />January to June 2021. Data including age, sex, type of injury, mode of injury, and the effects of <br />the injury on the body were collected. <strong>Results:</strong> 149 cases; 49 females (32.9%) and 100 males <br />(67.1%) were identified. The most commonly affected age group (6-10) years. Intentional <br />injuries were found in 36 cases (24.2%, with male to female ratio of 3:1), compared to nonintentional injuries appreciated in 113 cases (78.2%, with male to female ratio of 1.8:1). The <br />most common etiology was violence applied by a person other than father and mother, either <br />non-intentional or intentional, (45 cases), while the least etiology was animal bite (2 cases). The <br />most common type of injury is contused wound (54 cases) while the least common is a firearm <br />wound (5 cases). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Most of the cases of our study were mild or moderate injury and <br />mainly resulted from injury by a person other than father and mother (either non-intentional or <br />intentional) followed by a motor car accident, while the least etiology was an animal bite.<br />Received in original form: 4 October 2022 Accepted in final form: 30 December 2022https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_284121_597902fe3e7f88b0ff8fdb6a74038aa4.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101Study of Acute Pregabalin Intoxication in Patients Admitted to Poison Control Center Ain Shams University Hospitals and its Pathological Effect on Rat Brain: Clinical and Experimental Study8710028528110.21608/ajfm.2023.285281ENDaliaLasheenForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.NahlaSherifForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.EnasEl-TaftazaniForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptSuziAtallaHistology and cell biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Salma I.AbdellkaderForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20230213<strong>Background:</strong> Pregabalin (PGB) has been an anti-epileptic and an effective treatment of <br />neuropathic pain; it acts by inhibiting certain presynaptic calcium channels and decreased <br />excitatory neurotransmitters. There are reported serious effects following PGB exposure beside <br />its addictive effect. <strong>Aim of the work:</strong> Study the pattern of acute PGB toxicity in patients <br />admitted to Poison Control Center-Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCCASUH) and its <br />histopathological effects after acute toxic dose in adult albino rat brain.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was comprised of two parts. The clinical part: on 31 patients admitted to <br />PCCASUH with a history of acute PGB toxicity. The experimental part: on thirty adult albino <br />rats, divided into two groups (acute toxicity group received acute single dose of PGB5000 mg/kg <br />and the control group received normal saline). <strong>Results:</strong> Acute PGB exposure leads to mild <br />toxicity and most of symptoms related to CNS included DCL, with a significant relation between <br />the prolonged period of hospital admission and the DCL. The experimental results revealed that <br />the cerebral cortex (CC) and cerebellum showed degeneration of nerve cells, pyknosis with <br />karyolysis of nuclei, and a marked increase in the glial cells with positive glial fibrillary acidic <br />protein (GFAP) cytoplasmic granules in the CC (toxic group).<strong> Conclusion:</strong> The course of PGB <br />intoxication is mostly mild self-limiting and most of patients discharged on the next day of <br />admission. The experimental study concluded that PGB has degenerative effects on brain nerve <br />cells. <strong>Recommendations:</strong> further studies with larger sample size to evaluate the acute and <br />chronic toxicity of PGB. <br />Received in original form: 15 January 2023 Accepted in final form: 31 January 2023https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_285281_5b2a1f4e6ce638c38871b7ef84cf20af.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology DepartmentAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology1687-103040120230101The Potential Role Of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein In Evaluation of Organophosphorus- Induced Neurotoxicity: A prospective clinical study 10111128529910.21608/ajfm.2023.285299ENEmanMohammedDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.AliAliPoison Control Center Ain Shams Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.MahmoudAbd El WahabPoison Control Center Ain Shams Hospitals, Cairo, EgyptMagdyMahmoudDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20230213<strong>Background:</strong> Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) poisoning leads to several neurotoxic <br />disorders in humans. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) released in response to neuronal cell <br />injury and has been used as a sensitive and specific indicator of several neurotoxic conditions, <br />there is no human studies focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of GFAP in OPC <br />toxicity. Thus, there is a need for studying its role in OPC poisoning. <strong>Objectives:</strong> This study <br />aimed to assess the usefulness of GFAP as early predictor of OPC related neurotoxic disorders <br />both in acute poisoning and chronic exposure and to correlate levels of GFAP with severity of <br />acute OPC poisoning. <strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective clinical study that was conducted in <br />Poison Control Center, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study included 4 groups, control <br />group (23 healthy volunteers), group II acute moderate OPC patients (19 patients), group III <br />acute severe OPC patients (25 patients), and group IV chronic group (41 farmers). All <br />participants were subjected to measurement of GFAP, serum acetylcholine (ACh), serum pseudo <br />cholinesterase (PChE), serum glucose, potassium, serum lactate ,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), <br />and serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK). <strong>Results:</strong> Serum GFAP and ACh were significantly <br />high in all patient groups compared to the control group, but no significant difference was found <br />between acute moderate and acute severe groups. Also serum PChE had no significant difference <br />between patients of acute moderate and severe groups. Serum glucose, lactate, LDH and CPK<br />were highly significant in acute severe group when compared to acute moderate group.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, a biomarker of neurotoxicity, can be used in <br />patients with acute and chronic OPC poisoning as early predictor of OP induced brain cell injury. <br />Serum glucose, lactate, LDH and CPK could be used as simple tools in prediction of severity in<br />acute OP poisoning.<br />Received in original form: 14 September 2022 Accepted in final form: 31 January 2023https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_285299_d0044607cf541e661088587fd174d3d9.pdf